For any of the Networking exams we need to know address range classes, with the
associated default subnet mask.
Subnetting, the fun part!
An IPv4 address is broken down into 4 octets (4 sets of 8 bits), for a total of 32 bits per address.
When counting in binary we must start from the right. As we can see the furthest right number is 1. From that point on we continue to double the number. Here we have an octet with all bits turned on, (11111111), which gives us a total of 255.
| 128 |
64 |
32 |
16 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
| 1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Let's take a look at 255.255.255.240 as a sample subnet mask in decimal and convert it to binary.
Notice that we have 4 bits turned on and when totaled, we have a sum of 240.
| 128 |
64 |
32 |
16 |
8 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
| 1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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